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Related Concept Videos

Self-Report Tests of Personality01:22

Self-Report Tests of Personality

Self-report inventories are objective personality assessments that use multiple-choice items or numbered scales, typically ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). They are often called Likert scales after Rensis Likert. These inventories are widely used due to their ease of administration and cost-effectiveness. One of the most prominent examples is the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), initially developed in the 1940s to assess abnormal personality traits.

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Further validation of the Psychological Maltreatment Inventory

E E Swift1, W F Gayton

  • 1University of Southern Maine, USA.

Journal of Clinical Psychology
|May 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary

This study validated the Psychological Maltreatment Inventory (PMI), finding it correlates with depression scores in females. Results indicate fathers are perceived as more hostile and rejecting than mothers by male respondents.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Child Development
  • Family Studies

Background:

  • Psychological maltreatment is a significant factor in child development.
  • The Psychological Maltreatment Inventory (PMI) requires further validation.
  • Understanding gender differences in perceived parental maltreatment is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To further validate the Psychological Maltreatment Inventory (PMI).
  • To examine the influence of parent and respondent gender on PMI scores.
  • To explore correlations between psychological maltreatment and depression.

Main Methods:

  • Administered the Psychological Maltreatment Inventory (PMI) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI).
  • Conducted four ANOVAs with parent gender and respondent gender as independent variables.
  • Analyzed total PMI scores and three factor subscale scores.

Main Results:

  • The PMI correlated with Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) scores in females, but not males.
  • Fathers received significantly higher PMI scores than mothers.
  • Male respondents perceived fathers as more hostile and rejecting than mothers.

Conclusions:

  • The PMI demonstrates validity, particularly in relation to depression in females.
  • Parental gender significantly influences perceptions of psychological maltreatment.
  • Male children may experience higher levels of perceived hostility and rejection from fathers.