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Oxidative damage to skeletal muscle DNA from patients with mitochondrial encephalomyopathies

T Mitsui1, H Kawai, M Nagasawa

  • 1First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Tokushima, Japan.

Insights

Oxidative damage to skeletal muscle DNA, measured by 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG), is elevated in mitochondrial encephalomyopathies like progressive external ophthalmoplegia (PEO) and Kearns-Sayre syndrome (KSS). Free radicals likely contribute to the pathophysiology of these conditions.

Area of Science:

  • Mitochondrial Medicine
  • Neurogenetics
  • Muscle Biology

Background:

  • Mitochondrial encephalomyopathies, including progressive external ophthalmoplegia (PEO) and Kearns-Sayre syndrome (KSS), are characterized by mitochondrial dysfunction.
  • Oxidative stress and DNA damage are implicated in various neuromuscular disorders.
  • The role of specific oxidative damage markers in PEO and KSS skeletal muscle requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify oxidative DNA damage, specifically 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG), in skeletal muscle of patients with PEO or KSS.
  • To investigate the localization of superoxide dismutase (SOD) isoforms in affected muscle tissues.
  • To explore the association between oxidative damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, and gene deletions in PEO and KSS.

Main Methods:

  • Quantification of the molar ratio of 8-OH-dG/deoxyguanosine in skeletal muscle biopsies.
  • Immunohistochemical staining for manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) and copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD).
  • Comparison of marker levels between patients with PEO/KSS, polymyositis, Duchenne's muscular dystrophy, and controls.

Main Results:

  • Skeletal muscle from PEO and KSS patients exhibited a significantly higher 8-OH-dG/deoxyguanosine molar ratio compared to controls.
  • Elevated ratios were not observed in patients with polymyositis or Duchenne's muscular dystrophy.
  • Pronounced staining for Mn-SOD and Cu,Zn-SOD was detected in cytochrome-oxidase-negative ragged red fibers of PEO/KSS muscles.

Conclusions:

  • Overproduction of 8-OH-dG is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and gene deletions in PEO and KSS muscle cells.
  • Free radicals play a significant role in the pathophysiology of mitochondrial encephalomyopathies.
  • These findings highlight oxidative stress as a key factor in the pathogenesis of PEO and KSS.

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