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Aluminum in Saudi children

I al-Saleh1, N Shinwari

  • 1Biological & Medical Research Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Biometals : an International Journal on the Role of Metal Ions in Biology, Biochemistry, and Medicine
|October 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary

Serum aluminum levels were elevated in young Saudi girls, particularly in the Northern school area. Higher aluminum concentrations correlated with increased urea levels, suggesting potential health implications.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Pediatric Health
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Aluminum exposure is a growing concern, especially in children, due to potential adverse developmental effects.
  • Understanding aluminum levels in vulnerable populations like school-aged children is crucial for public health.
  • Previous studies have highlighted the ubiquitous nature of aluminum in the environment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine serum aluminum levels in Saudi female pupils aged 6-8 years in Riyadh.
  • To investigate the correlation between serum aluminum and renal variables.
  • To explore potential sources and geographical variations of aluminum exposure.

Main Methods:

  • Serum samples from 533 Saudi female pupils were analyzed for aluminum concentration.
  • Data was collected from primary public schools across four different areas of Riyadh City.
  • Statistical analysis was performed to assess correlations and differences in aluminum levels.

Main Results:

  • The mean serum aluminum level was 23.21 +/- 15.25 micrograms/L, with a wide range (5.98-206.93 micrograms/L).
  • Pupils in the Northern school area exhibited higher serum aluminum levels compared to other areas.
  • A significant positive correlation was observed between serum aluminum (>49.2 micrograms/L) and urea levels (r=0.6, P<0.002).
  • No correlation was found between serum aluminum and other renal variables.
  • Despite 53% of schools having aluminum in water above the EU limit, no geographical differences in water aluminum were detected.

Conclusions:

  • Serum aluminum levels in young Saudi girls are notable, with geographical variations observed.
  • Elevated aluminum may be linked to increased urea, warranting further investigation into health impacts.
  • Factors like diet and aluminum utensil use, alongside drinking water, likely contribute to exposure.
  • Regular monitoring of aluminum levels in children is recommended due to potential developmental risks.

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