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Identification and determination of ionic surface active agents

L W Wang, D F Langley

    Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology
    |January 1, 1977
    PubMed
    Summary
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    A new colorimetric method accurately analyzes anionic and cationic surfactants in fresh water. This rapid, stoichiometric technique uses dyes to form colored complexes, measurable by spectrophotometry.

    Area of Science:

    • Analytical Chemistry
    • Environmental Chemistry

    Background:

    • Surfactants are widely used in industry and can impact freshwater ecosystems.
    • Accurate quantification of anionic and cationic surfactants is crucial for environmental monitoring.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a general, rapid colorimetric method for analyzing both anionic and cationic surfactants in freshwater.
    • To establish a stoichiometric and easily applicable analytical technique.

    Main Methods:

    • A colorimetric assay involving the reaction of ionic surfactants with specific dyes (methyl orange for cationic, azure A or methylene blue for anionic) in chloroform.
    • Formation of a colored, chloroform-soluble complex.
    • Spectrophotometric measurement of the color intensity of the chloroform layer.

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    Main Results:

    • The developed method is stoichiometric and provides accurate measurements.
    • The color intensity of the chloroform layer is directly proportional to the surfactant concentration.
    • The method is rapid and can be performed by laboratory technicians with minimal training.

    Conclusions:

    • A versatile and efficient colorimetric method for surfactant analysis in freshwater has been established.
    • The technique offers a practical solution for routine environmental monitoring of surfactant pollution.