The effect of a collagenous implant on deep dermo-periosteal defects in the rabbit

In plastic surgery, extensive wounds with exposed bone and loss of the periosteum (i.e., deep dermo-periosteal defects) are difficult to treat, even with split-thickness skin grafts, because such grafts rarely survive. Even when these grafts do survive, functional impairment often occurs subsequently. The application of a collagen sponge (Terudermis, Terumo, Tokyo) to such wounds has previously been reported to accelerate granulation tissue formation, resulting in would healing and graft survival. However, this previous report only presented data relating to gross morphological appearance. In this paper, we present histological evidence to demonstrate the beneficial effect of the collagen sponge on experimental dermo-periosteal scalp defects in rabbits. About two weeks after the application of collagen sponge to the experimental wounds, a well-vascularized granulation tissue was formed. Autologous split-thickness skin grafts applied to this new granulation tissue were found to be viable one week after grafting. The results confirm histologically that collagen sponge is effective for the treatment of deep dermo-periosteal defects which would not have regenerated skin cover with conventional therapies such as skin grafting or the temporary use of dermoprotective materials followed by skin grafting.