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Prolonged weightlessness effect on postflight plasma thyroid hormones

C S Leach, P C Johnson, T B Driscoll

    Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine
    |July 1, 1977
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

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    Spaceflight alters thyroid hormones. Skylab astronauts showed increased thyroxine (T-4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), with decreased triiodothyronine (T-3), indicating changes in thyroid function during space missions.

    Area of Science:

    • Space Medicine
    • Endocrinology
    • Human Physiology

    Background:

    • Previous studies noted thyroidal changes after shorter spaceflights (Apollo missions).
    • Understanding physiological adaptations to spaceflight is crucial for astronaut health.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the impact of Skylab spaceflight on astronaut thyroid hormone levels.
    • To determine if spaceflight affects the conversion of thyroxine to triiodothyronine.

    Main Methods:

    • Blood samples were collected from nine astronauts before and after the Skylab missions.
    • Plasma levels of thyroxine (T-4), triiodothyronine (T-3), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were measured.
    • Changes in hormone concentrations were statistically analyzed.

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    Main Results:

    • A statistically significant increase in mean plasma thyroxine (T-4) by 1.4 microgram/dl.
    • A significant rise in mean thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) by 4 muU/ml.
    • A notable decrease in triiodothyronine (T-3) levels by 27 ng/dl, suggesting inhibited T-4 to T-3 conversion.

    Conclusions:

    • Spaceflight significantly alters thyroid hormone levels in astronauts.
    • The observed changes in T-4, TSH, and T-3 indicate a disruption in thyroid hormone regulation and metabolism during space missions.
    • Increased cortisol levels may contribute to the decrease in T-3 conversion during and after spaceflight.