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Virus-encoded superantigens

B T Huber1, P N Hsu, N Sutkowski

  • 1Department of Pathology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA. bhuber@opal.tufts.edu

Microbiological Reviews
|September 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary
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Microbial superantigens, like those from murine mammary tumor virus and human herpesviruses, strongly influence host immune responses, particularly T lymphocytes. These agents may manipulate immunity to promote persistent infections and transmission.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Microbiology
  • Virology

Background:

  • Superantigens are potent microbial toxins that profoundly activate the immune system.
  • They primarily target T lymphocytes, initiating a cascade of immune reactions.
  • Microbes may utilize superantigens to enhance host infection and transmission.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the structure and function of superantigens encoded by murine mammary tumor virus (MMTV).
  • To discuss recent findings on superantigen activity in human herpesviruses: cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV).
  • To highlight the expanding landscape of microbial superantigen discovery.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on MMTV superantigens.
  • Review of recent studies on CMV and EBV superantigen activity.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Synthesis of current knowledge on microbial superantigens.

    • Main Results:

    • Detailed examination of MMTV-encoded superantigen structure and function.
    • Overview of established superantigen roles in CMV and EBV infections.
    • Identification of superantigens as a broad class of microbial immune modulators.

    Conclusions:

    • MMTV superantigens play a role in host immune modulation and potentially mammary carcinoma.
    • CMV and EBV associate with superantigen-like activities impacting host immunity.
    • The discovery of microbial superantigens is rapidly advancing, with more expected.