Neurone-glia interactions in the hypothalamus and pituitary

Research in the hypothalamus and pituitary has provided compelling evidence that neurone-glia interactions are important in regulating the activity of both neurones and glia. These interactions involve receptor-mediated signalling, intracellular Ca2+ signalling, growth factor-steroid actions and activity-dependent modifications in neurone-glia anatomical relationships. This review focuses on neuroendocrine systems, such as the intermediate lobe of the pituitary and the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system, which exemplify some of these activities. Although their functional significance has not been fully elucidated, the synaptic responses, release of bioactive factors and changing morphology of certain glia highlight their integral role in hypothalamic function.