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Avulsion fractures in athletes

S Orava, L Ala-Ketola

    British Journal of Sports Medicine
    |June 1, 1977
    PubMed
    Summary

    Avulsion fractures commonly occur in athletes during training or competition, particularly in sprinters and hurdlers. These fractures, often located in the anterior pelvic spines, typically heal well with proper immobilization and rest.

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    Area of Science:

    • Sports Medicine
    • Orthopedic Surgery
    • Traumatology

    Background:

    • Avulsion fractures are injuries resulting from forceful muscle contractions pulling bone fragments away.
    • These injuries are prevalent in athletic populations due to intense physical demands.
    • Understanding the incidence and characteristics of avulsion fractures in athletes is crucial for prevention and management.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To describe the characteristics of 34 avulsion fracture cases in athletes.
    • To identify the most common sports, fracture locations, and patient demographics associated with these injuries.
    • To highlight diagnostic considerations and treatment outcomes for athletic avulsion fractures.

    Main Methods:

    • Retrospective case series analysis of 34 athletes with avulsion fractures.
    • Review of injury mechanisms, athletic participation, and training methods.
    • Radiological assessment for fracture diagnosis and location.

    Main Results:

    • The study included 28 men and 6 women, with an average age of 20.1 years.
    • Most common in sprinters, hurdlers, and middle/long-distance runners; also seen in footballers, skiers, and ice-hockey players.
    • Anterior pelvic spines were the most frequent fracture site, followed by lower limb locations; trunk and upper extremity fractures were less common.

    Conclusions:

    • Avulsion fractures in athletes are often associated with specific sports and training activities.
    • Radiological diagnosis is aided by understanding the biomechanics of athletic movements.
    • Most avulsion fractures demonstrate good healing potential with appropriate immobilization and rehabilitation protocols.

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