High-performance liquid chromatography using on-line solid-phase extraction: determination of furosemide in human...

An on-line solid-phase extraction technique based on column switching (heart-cutting) was developed for direct injection analysis of furosemide in human serum. In order to minimize the influence of deterioration in pre-treatment column efficiency, which was caused by protein precipitation with repeated injections of serum, furosemide was completely enriched at the top of the analytical column by ion-pair formation with tetra-n-butylammonium ion during heart-cutting. The robustness of the established on-line solid-phase extraction system was confirmed under routine conditions. As a result, almost comparable chromatograms could be obtained even though 50 repeated injections of a 100-microliter volume of serum were carried out using one pre-treatment column. The linearity of the calibration curves was demonstrated by the correlation coefficient which was greater than 0.99999 (5-1000 ng/ml). The relative errors and C.V. of quality control samples were within 4.00 and 5.88%, respectively (furosemide concentrations: 5, 100 and 1000 ng/ml).