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Paediatric urolithiasis in a remote Australian aboriginal community
W M Williams1, J J Nicholas, P B Nungurrayi
1Pintupi Homelands Health Service, Northern Territory, Australia.
Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health
|August 1, 1996
Summary
Urolithiasis (kidney stones) is exceptionally common in Aboriginal children under 5 in remote Australia. High attack rates in the youngest children highlight urgent needs for improved environmental conditions and health services.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Nephrology
- Public Health
- Indigenous Health
Background:
- Urolithiasis (kidney stones) is a recognized health issue.
- Data on pediatric urolithiasis in remote Indigenous communities are limited.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the incidence and associated factors of urolithiasis in Aboriginal children under 5 years in a remote Central Australian community.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective review of Community Health Service patient records.
- Analysis of data over a 4-year period for children under 5 years of age.
Main Results:
- Ten cases of urolithiasis were identified in Aboriginal children under 5.
- The highest attack rate was observed in the 0-2 age group (nearly 1 in 10 children per year).
- All affected children had significant associated morbidity; two required pyelolithotomy.
Conclusions:
- Aboriginal children in this remote arid zone community experience exceptionally high rates of urolithiasis.
- Potential contributing factors include inadequate diet, dehydration, and recurrent infectious diseases.
- Urgent improvements in environmental conditions and health service delivery are indicated.