Medical management of nonparathyroid hypercalcemia and hypocalcemia

In this article the differential diagnosis and management of non-parathyroid hypercalcemia and hypocalcemia are outlined. A differentiation is made between the acute management of symptomatic hypercalcemia and hypocalcemia and the chronic control of these relatively common states of abnormal electrolyte homeostasis. The use of newer agents such as bisphosphonates for hypercalcemia and calcitrol for hypocalcemia is emphasized.