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Related Experiment Videos

Immunophenotype and DNA cell content in multiple myeloma

J F San Miguel1, R Garcia-Sanz, M Gonzalez

  • 1Department of Haematology, University of Salamanea, Spain.

Bailliere'S Clinical Haematology
|December 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary

This review covers multiple myeloma (MM) plasma cell (PC) immunophenotypes, immunoregulatory cell changes, and DNA content. MM PC characteristics and prognostic markers are discussed, alongside alterations in T and NK cells, and DNA aneuploidy

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Hematology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Multiple myeloma (MM) is a cancer of plasma cells (PC).
  • Understanding PC immunophenotype and host immune interactions is crucial for MM diagnosis and prognosis.
  • Existing research presents varied findings on immune cell subsets and DNA content in MM.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review key aspects of multiple myeloma biology.
  • To discuss the immunophenotypic characteristics of plasma cells (PC).
  • To analyze changes in immunoregulatory cells and PC DNA content in MM patients.

Main Methods:

  • Review of scientific literature on multiple myeloma.
  • Analysis of immunophenotypic markers on plasma cells (e.g., CD38, B-B4).
  • Evaluation of T cell and NK cell alterations.

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  • Assessment of cell DNA content and cell cycle distribution via flow cytometry.

    • Main Results:

    • Myelomatous PC exhibit heterogeneous phenotypes; CD38 and B-B4 are key identifiers.
    • Antigens like CD56, CD20, CD10, CD28, and SIg may hold prognostic value.
    • MM patients show altered T cells (reduced CD4) and heterogeneous NK cell populations.
    • DNA aneuploidy (50-70% of patients), particularly hyperdiploidy, often correlates with better prognosis.
    • A high percentage of S-phase PC (>3%) indicates an adverse prognosis.

    Conclusions:

    • Immunophenotypic analysis of PC, including markers like CD19-/CD56++, aids in identifying malignant plasma cells.
    • Host-tumour immunological interactions, reflected in T and NK cell changes, are significant in MM.
    • Cell DNA content and cell cycle analysis (e.g., PI/CD38 staining) are valuable prognostic tools in MM management.