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Androgen receptor: an overview
1Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53792, USA.
Abstract:
The action of androgens in regulating development and growth is mediated by androgen receptor (AR). AR is a member of the steroid hormone receptor superfamily, a class of receptors that function through their ability to regulate the transcription of specific genes. The AR is located in various target tissues, with its levels and activity altered with the onset of various cellular events (e.g., sexual development, malignant transformation). The modulation of AR levels occurs through a number of mechanisms, including transcription, and is regulated by various factors (e.g., androgens). The ability of AR to modulate gene transcription is through its interaction with specific DNA sequences located near or within the target gene promoter. The importance of the AR in reproductive physiology has been emphasized by the finding of AR mutations, leading to a variety of disorders, including testicular feminization syndrome. In this article, we review the structure and function of AR and the role AR plays in the function of the mammalian system.
Insights
Androgen receptor (AR) regulates development and growth by controlling gene transcription. AR mutations cause disorders like testicular feminization syndrome, highlighting its reproductive physiology importance.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Molecular Biology
- Genetics
Background:
- Androgen receptor (AR) is a key mediator of androgen actions in development and growth.
- AR belongs to the steroid hormone receptor superfamily, regulating gene transcription.
- AR levels and activity are altered in various cellular events, including sexual development and cancer.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the structure and function of the androgen receptor (AR).
- To elucidate the role of AR in mammalian system function.
- To highlight the clinical significance of AR in reproductive disorders.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on androgen receptor structure and function.
- Analysis of AR's role in gene transcription regulation.
- Examination of AR mutations and associated physiological disorders.
Main Results:
- AR regulates specific gene transcription through DNA interaction.
- AR activity is crucial for sexual development and is implicated in malignant transformation.
- AR mutations lead to conditions such as testicular feminization syndrome.
Conclusions:
- The androgen receptor (AR) is vital for mammalian development, growth, and reproductive physiology.
- Understanding AR structure and function is essential for addressing related genetic disorders.
- AR's role in gene regulation underscores its importance in various biological processes.