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Updated: Aug 11, 2026
Murine Ileocolic Bowel Resection with Primary Anastomosis
Published on: October 29, 2014
Long-term results of the Mustard procedure
Insights
The Mustard procedure for transposition of the great vessels had a 10.6% hospital mortality. Survivors experienced significant catch-up growth and good functional outcomes, though some had residual cardiac issues.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Pediatric Surgery
- Congenital Heart Disease
Background:
- Transposition of the great vessels (TGV) is a critical congenital heart defect.
- The Mustard procedure is a palliative surgical intervention for TGV.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the long-term outcomes of the Mustard procedure.
- To assess survival rates, functional status, and potential complications in patients undergoing this surgery.
Main Methods:
- A retrospective review of 123 patients who underwent the Mustard procedure over a 10-year period.
- Analysis of hospital mortality, late deaths, postoperative rhythm, growth, neurodevelopmental status, and catheterization findings.
Main Results:
- Hospital mortality was 10.6%, with late deaths primarily attributed to arrhythmia.
- 53% of patients maintained sinus rhythm postoperatively.
- Survivors demonstrated catch-up growth, particularly those operated on before age 2.
- Half of survivors showed comparable or improved physical and academic performance.
- Postoperative catheterization revealed residual shunts and mild obstructions in some patients.
Conclusions:
- The Mustard procedure offers survival and improved functional outcomes for TGV patients.
- Long-term monitoring is essential for managing potential complications like arrhythmias and residual obstructions.
- Early surgical intervention may enhance growth outcomes.
Abstract:
Over a 10-year period, 123 patients with transposition of the great vessels underwent the Mustard procedure. The hospital mortality for the series was 10.6%. There were seven late deaths, five of which were presumable due to arrhythmia. Sinus rhythm was noted postoperatively in 53% of the patients. Almost all the survivors had achieved catch-up growth when evaluated 6 months to 10 years later. A growth spurt was more consistently seen in the patients who were operated on under 2 years of age. Physical endurance and school performance were on a par with their normal peers or better in about half of the survivors. Severe neurologic problems were present in five patients. Postoperative catheterizations in 42 patients showed a rather high incidence of residual interatrial shunts, mild left ventricular outflow obstruction, and mild superior vena caval obstruction. Pulmonary venous obstruction and serious tricuspid regurgitation were not encountered.
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