Relationship between plasma and saliva quinine levels in humans

The relationship between saliva and plasma levels of quinine was studied in four healthy volunteers. After a single oral dose of quinine sulfate (600 mg) to the volunteers, quinine was determined in both saliva and plasma simultaneously over a 48-h period by an ion pair reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography method. The tmax (4.3 +/- 0.5 h) and elimination half-life (11.8 +/- 2.9 h) of quinine derived from saliva levels were comparable with those obtained from plasma levels (tmax = 2.8 +/- 0.2 h, t1/2 = 12.9 +/- 2.3 h). A significant correlation existed between the plasma and saliva concentrations of the drug (r = 0.93, n = 20, p < 0.001). The mean saliva/plasma quinine concentration ratio was 0.24 +/- 0.02. The results suggest that quinine is passively secreted into saliva and that saliva level determination may be useful as a noninvasive method in the evaluation of pharmacokinetic parameters and therapeutic drug monitoring of quinine.