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[Responses to triple viral and tetanus vaccination in HIV-infected children]

J Echeverría Lecuona1, L Aldamiz-Echevarría Azuara, G Cilla Eguiluz

  • 1Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Aránzazu, San Sebastián.

Anales Espanoles De Pediatria
|April 1, 1996
PubMed

Insights

HIV-infected children show a poor antibody response to measles, mumps, and rubella vaccines. Antibody levels against tetanus also decreased over time in these children.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection can impact the immune system's ability to respond to vaccinations.
  • Assessing vaccine immunogenicity in HIV-infected children is crucial for understanding protection against vaccine-preventable diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the antibody response to measles, mumps, rubella, and tetanus vaccines in HIV-infected children.
  • To compare vaccine response between HIV-infected children and HIV-negative controls.
  • To assess the durability of the antibody response over time in HIV-infected children.

Main Methods:

  • Study included 44 children born to HIV-positive mothers (14 infected, 30 uninfected) aged 2-3 years.
  • Children received four doses of tetanus toxoid and one dose of measles, rubella, and mumps vaccines.
  • Antibody levels were measured at 2-3 years and again at 5-6 years for the HIV-infected group.

Main Results:

  • At 2-3 years, all children had adequate protection against tetanus.
  • HIV-infected children showed a poor response to measles (50%), mumps (25%), and rubella (21%) vaccines compared to controls (93%, 75%, 90%).
  • At 5-6 years, HIV-infected children had decreased antitetanus antibody levels and continued to show suboptimal responses to mumps and rubella.

Conclusions:

  • HIV-infected children exhibit an impaired immunological response to key childhood vaccinations.
  • Vaccination did not appear to cause adverse side effects or worsen HIV symptoms in the studied children.
  • Long-term monitoring is needed to determine the effectiveness of booster doses in this population.

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