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Related Experiment Videos

Altered peptidoglycan composition in vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis

B L de Jonge1, S Handwerger, D Gage

  • 1Laboratory of Microbiology, Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10021, USA.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
|April 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary
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Vancomycin resistance in Enterococcus faecalis alters peptidoglycan structure. Resistant strains incorporate tetrapeptide stem peptides instead of pentapeptides, and lack lactate residues despite precursor synthesis.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Enterococcus faecalis is a common cause of hospital-acquired infections.
  • Vancomycin resistance in E. faecalis is a growing public health concern.
  • Peptidoglycan is a crucial component of bacterial cell walls, targeted by antibiotics like vancomycin.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the muropeptide composition differences between vancomycin-susceptible and -resistant Enterococcus faecalis strains.
  • To elucidate the structural changes in peptidoglycan associated with vancomycin resistance.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of muropeptide composition using isogenic strains.
  • Employing reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC).
  • Utilizing amino acid analysis and fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry (FAB-MS).

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Main Results:

  • Vancomycin-susceptible E. faecalis peptidoglycan contained pentapeptide stem peptides.
  • Isogenic vancomycin-resistant E. faecalis peptidoglycan featured tetrapeptide stem peptides.
  • Lactate-terminating peptidoglycan precursors were synthesized but not detected in the resistant strain's peptidoglycan.

Conclusions:

  • Vancomycin resistance in E. faecalis is associated with a shift from pentapeptide to tetrapeptide stem peptides in peptidoglycan.
  • The absence of lactate residues in the resistant strain suggests impaired precursor incorporation or post-synthesis modification.
  • These findings provide insights into the structural adaptations of bacteria conferring antibiotic resistance.