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Olfactory influence on tongue activity

O Mameli1, F Melis, M A Caria

  • 1Istituto di Fisiologia Umana, Università di Sassari, Italy.

Archives Italiennes De Biologie
|October 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary
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Olfactory stimulation significantly alters hypoglossal nerve activity and tongue muscle function in rabbits. This suggests olfaction plays a key role in regulating tongue reflexes during digestion.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Physiology
  • Sensory Systems

Background:

  • Olfactory stimulation, specifically with amyl acetate, influences rabbit hypoglossal neurons.
  • The functional role of olfactory input is hypothesized to modulate tongue muscle tone during digestion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the peripheral effects of olfactory-hypoglossal modulation.
  • To investigate how olfactory stimulation impacts hypoglossal nerve activity and tongue muscle electromyography.

Main Methods:

  • Recorded spike traffic in hypoglossal nerve fibers.
  • Measured electromyographic activity of genioglossus, styloglossus, superior longitudinal, and hyoglossus muscles.
  • Applied olfactory stimulation using brief puffs of air odorized with amyl acetate.

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Main Results:

  • Olfactory stimulation caused significant changes in efferent volleys along the hypoglossal nerve.
  • Observed substantial modulation of tongue muscle activity, with varied responses across different muscles and fiber types (e.g., genioglossus, styloglossus).
  • Detected specific patterns like increased spontaneous activity, excitation-inhibition, and short-lasting excitations in different tongue muscles.

Conclusions:

  • Olfaction is strongly implicated in the reflex regulation of tongue muscles.
  • Differential activation patterns suggest a complex role for olfaction in controlling tongue muscle activity during physiological processes like digestion.