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Epulides in the dog: a review

D G Gardner1

  • 1Division of Oral Pathology and Oncology, University of Colorado School of Dentistry, USA.

Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine : Official Publication of the International Association of Oral Pathologists and the American Academy of Oral Pathology
|January 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary

This review compares canine and human gingival growths, specifically epulides. While some reactive epulides are common in dogs, peripheral ossifying fibroma is not reported, and canine odontogenic tumors show unique characteristics.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Pathology
  • Oral Pathology
  • Comparative Oncology

Background:

  • Epulis is a clinical term for gingival growths.
  • Four reactive epulides exist in humans: focal fibrous hyperplasia, pyogenic granuloma, peripheral giant cell granuloma, and peripheral ossifying fibroma.
  • Focal fibrous hyperplasia, pyogenic granuloma, and peripheral giant cell granuloma occur in dogs, with focal fibrous hyperplasia being common.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and compare epulides and peripheral odontogenic tumors in dogs and humans.
  • To clarify the classification and characteristics of canine gingival growths.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review.
  • Study of pathology sections from veterinary laboratories.

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Main Results:

  • Peripheral ossifying fibroma has not been reported in dogs.
  • Three types of peripheral odontogenic tumors are reported in dogs: fibromatous epulis, acanthomatous epulis, and a rare lesion termed amyloid-producing odontogenic tumor.
  • Canine acanthomatous epulis invades bone, behaving like human intraosseous ameloblastoma.

Conclusions:

  • Canine epulides share some similarities with human counterparts but also exhibit distinct features.
  • Accurate classification of canine gingival tumors is crucial for understanding their behavior and prognosis.