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Related Experiment Videos

Complaints and complaining: functions, antecedents, and consequences

R M Kowalski1

  • 1Department of Psychology, Western Carolina University, Cullowhee 28723, USA. kowalski@wcuvax1.wcu.edu

Psychological Bulletin
|March 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary

Complaining, an expression of dissatisfaction, is explored in this review. It examines the relationship between self-focus, perceived utility, and complaining behaviors, along with influencing factors and consequences.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Social Sciences

Background:

  • Complaining is a common human behavior yet under-researched.
  • Existing research lacks a comprehensive theoretical framework for understanding complaints.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define and theoretically model complaining behavior.
  • To identify factors influencing complaining thresholds and functions.
  • To explore the consequences of complaining.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and theoretical model development.
  • Examination of variables influencing dissatisfaction and complaining.
  • Analysis of intrapersonal and interpersonal outcomes.

Main Results:

  • A theoretical model linking self-focus, perceived utility, and complaining is proposed.

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  • Factors such as negative affect, locus of control, self-presentation, age, and gender influence complaining thresholds.
  • Complaining serves various emotional and goal-oriented functions.

    • Conclusions:

    • Complaining is a multifaceted behavior with significant psychological and social dimensions.
    • Understanding the antecedents and consequences of complaining is crucial for psychological well-being.
    • Further research is needed to explore the nuances of complaining in different contexts.