Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 14, 2026

A Research Method For Detecting Transient Myocardial Ischemia In Patients With Suspected Acute Coronary Syndrome Using Continuous ST-segment Analysis
18:11

A Research Method For Detecting Transient Myocardial Ischemia In Patients With Suspected Acute Coronary Syndrome Using Continuous ST-segment Analysis

Published on: December 28, 2012

Acute transient coronary sinus hypertension impairs left ventricular function and induces myocardial edema

J W Pratt1, E R Schertel, S L Schaefer

  • 1Department of Surgery, Ohio State University, Columbus 43210, USA.

The American Journal of Physiology
|September 1, 1996
PubMed

Insights

Acute coronary sinus hypertension (CSH) impairs left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic function, leading to reduced contractility and increased stiffness. These effects persist even after pressure relief, likely due to interstitial fluid accumulation.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Physiology
  • Cardiac Mechanics

Background:

  • Coronary sinus hypertension (CSH) is a condition that can affect cardiac function.
  • Understanding the direct and indirect effects of CSH on the left ventricle (LV) is crucial for diagnosing and treating related heart conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the direct and indirect effects of acute coronary sinus hypertension (CSH) on systolic and diastolic left ventricular (LV) function.
  • To investigate the underlying mechanisms of LV dysfunction induced by CSH.

Main Methods:

  • Acute coronary sinus hypertension (CSH) was induced in pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs by elevating coronary sinus pressure to 25 mmHg for 3 hours.
  • Left ventricular (LV) systolic function was assessed using preload recruitable stroke work (PRSW) and end-systolic elastance (Ees).
  • Diastolic function was evaluated by measuring the time constant of isovolumic relaxation (tau) and the end-diastolic pressure-volume relationship (EDPVR).

Main Results:

  • CSH progressively decreased PRSW and Ees, indicating impaired systolic function.
  • CSH progressively increased tau and the slope of the EDPVR, indicating prolonged relaxation and increased diastolic stiffness.
  • These functional changes persisted after CSH relief and were not altered by beta-adrenergic and cholinergic receptor blockade.
  • LV wet-to-dry weight ratios were significantly greater in dogs with CSH, suggesting interstitial fluid accumulation.

Conclusions:

  • Acute coronary sinus hypertension (CSH) induces significant left ventricular (LV) dysfunction, characterized by depressed contractility, prolonged relaxation, and increased diastolic stiffness.
  • The observed LV dysfunction is not a direct hemodynamic effect of CSH nor mediated by autonomic reflex activation.
  • Interstitial fluid accumulation within the LV interstitium is the likely mechanism responsible for the observed cardiac dysfunction following CSH.

More Related Videos

Primary Outcome Assessment in a Pig Model of Acute Myocardial Infarction14:19

Primary Outcome Assessment in a Pig Model of Acute Myocardial Infarction

Published on: October 14, 2016

Transthoracic Echocardiography to Assess Post-Resuscitation Left Ventricular Dysfunction After Acute Myocardial Infarction and Cardiac Arrest in Pigs08:19

Transthoracic Echocardiography to Assess Post-Resuscitation Left Ventricular Dysfunction After Acute Myocardial Infarction and Cardiac Arrest in Pigs

Published on: July 12, 2022

Related Concept Videos

Imbalances in Cardiac Output01:26

Imbalances in Cardiac Output

The heart's primary function is to pump blood throughout the body, maintaining a balance between blood sent out (cardiac output) and blood returning (venous return). If this balance is disrupted, it can result in congestive heart failure (CHF), a severe condition where the heart becomes an inefficient pump, leading to inadequate blood circulation.
CHF can occur due to the failure of either side of the heart. Left-side failure leads to pulmonary congestion—the right side continues to send blood...
Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction01:20

Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction

Mitral regurgitation is characterized by the backward circulation of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium during systole, a phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart contracts and pumps blood out of the chambers. This abnormal flow occurs primarily due to the dysfunction of the mitral valve or its supporting structures, which include the mitral leaflets, chordae tendineae, annulus, and papillary muscles.Etiology and Mechanisms:Primary Mitral Regurgitation: This type arises from...
Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction01:22

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction

Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
Acute Coronary Syndrome I: Introduction01:30

Acute Coronary Syndrome I: Introduction

Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) encompasses a spectrum of heart conditions caused by sudden obstruction of coronary arteries, typically resulting from the rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque and subsequent thrombus (blood clot) formation. This obstruction can lead to partial or complete blockage of blood flow, causing varying degrees of myocardial ischemia or infarction.ACS includes the following clinical entities:Unstable Angina (UA)Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI)ST-Elevation...
Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:19

Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

The pathophysiology of Acute Coronary Syndrome [ACD] involves several key processes:The main underlying cause of ACD is atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the buildup of lipid-laden plaques within the coronary arteries.As the atherosclerotic plaque grows in the coronary artery, it may become unstable due to the formation of a lipid-rich core and a thin fibrous cap. Inflammatory cells within the plaque, such as macrophages, secrete enzymes that degrade the...
Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies01:30

Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies

Diagnosing acute coronary syndrome or ACS begins with a thorough patient history. Notable symptoms include central, crushing chest pain radiating to the left arm, neck, jaw, or back, along with shortness of breath, sweating (diaphoresis), nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and palpitations.It is crucial to note any history of cardiac illnesses and assess risk factors, including age, gender, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and a sedentary lifestyle.During physical examination, vital...