Neural cardiovascular regulation and 24-hour blood pressure and heart rate variability

The availability of ambulatory intraarterial blood pressure monitoring techniques offers a deeper insight into the features of blood pressure variability over 24 hours and allows better understanding of the mechanisms responsible for the continuous and marked blood pressure changes that occur throughout the day and at night. Among these mechanisms, central and reflex neural influences play a major role. This has led to the development of techniques for the assessment of 24-hour "spontaneous" baroreflex sensitivity through combined computer analysis of blood pressure and heart rate variations in the time or frequency domain. The recent introduction of continuous noninvasive ambulatory blood pressure monitors offers the unique possibility of obtaining dynamic information on neural cardiovascular control in clinical conditions in which the assessment of autonomic cardiovascular regulation may have diagnostic and prognostic implications.