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Progress on vaccines against parasites

H D Engers1, R Bergquist, F Modabber

  • 1UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR) Geneva, Switzerland.

Developments in Biological Standardization
|January 1, 1996
PubMed
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Significant progress is being made in developing vaccines for parasitic diseases like malaria, leishmaniasis, and schistosomiasis. Research focuses on candidate vaccines, recombinant antigens, and live vectors for improved efficacy and stability in tropical regions.

Area of Science:

  • * Tropical medicine
  • * Vaccinology
  • * Parasitology

Background:

  • * Parasitic diseases such as malaria, leishmaniasis, and schistosomiasis pose significant global health challenges.
  • * Existing control methods are insufficient, necessitating the development of effective vaccines.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To review the current progress in vaccine development for major parasitic diseases.
  • * To highlight advancements in candidate vaccines, adjuvants, and delivery systems.
  • * To emphasize the importance of vaccine stability for field application in endemic areas.

Main Methods:

  • * Review of ongoing clinical trials (Phase I, III) for malaria, leishmaniasis, and schistosomiasis vaccines.
  • * Preclinical development of novel vaccine candidates, including recombinant proteins and genetically modified organisms.

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  • * Investigation of adjuvants (e.g., IL-12) and live vectors for enhanced immunogenicity.

    • Main Results:

    • * Multiple Plasmodium falciparum candidate vaccines are in Phase I trials for malaria.
    • * Phase III trials are underway for leishmaniasis vaccines, with novel approaches like live avirulent Leishmania and recombinant proteins in preclinical development.
    • * Vaccine development strategies for Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma japonicum are established, focusing on priority antigens and transmission blocking.

    Conclusions:

    • * Substantial progress has been achieved in developing vaccines against malaria, leishmaniasis, and schistosomiasis.
    • * Diverse approaches, including recombinant antigens and live vectors, are being explored.
    • * Ensuring optimal vaccine stability is critical for successful deployment in tropical, disease-endemic regions.