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When do speakers take into account common ground?

W S Horton1, B Keysar

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, IL 60637, USA.

Cognition
|April 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Common ground influences utterance production, but not during initial planning. Speakers monitor their utterances for common ground violations, especially under time pressure, suggesting a reactive rather than proactive role.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Science
  • Psycholinguistics
  • Communication Studies

Background:

  • Investigates the role of common ground in language production.
  • Compares two models: common ground in initial planning vs. monitoring.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if common ground affects utterance planning or monitoring.
  • To test models of audience design in referential communication.

Main Methods:

  • Modified referential communication task with speakers describing objects to listeners.
  • Manipulated time constraints to assess the impact on common ground utilization.
  • Focused on common ground evidenced by physical co-presence.

Main Results:

  • Speakers incorporated common ground when not under time pressure.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Common ground was not utilized by speakers under time constraints.
  • Evidence suggests common ground plays a role in monitoring, not initial planning.

    • Conclusions:

    • Speakers do not engage in audience design during initial utterance planning.
    • Utterance monitoring, rather than initial planning, incorporates common ground.
    • Time pressure significantly impacts the use of common ground in communication.