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Surgical treatment of large corneal dermoid
S Golubovic1, Z Latkovic, M Horvatic-Obradovic
1University Eye Hospital, Belgrade, Pasterova, Yugoslavia.
Abstract:
Corneal and limbal dermoids are uncommon choristomatous corneal tumors. They clinically present as round or oval, whitish or yellowish cones protruding on the anterior surface of the eyeball. They are composed of ectodermal (keratinized epithelium, hairs, sebaceous and sudoriferous glands, nerves, smooth muscles and, less frequently, teeth) and mesodermal elements (fibrous tissue, fat, blood vessels and cartilage) combined in different proportion. If fat dominates in histology of the tumor, it is called a lipodermoid. A case of a two-year old boy with a large corneal dermoid on the right eye is presented. Dermoid covered almost the whole cornea and was associated with adherence of the atrophic iris to the posterior corneal surface and partial congenital cataract. Surgical therapy included excision of dermoid together with the superficial lamellae of the corneal stroma and penetrating keratoplasty. Satisfactory tectonic and esthetic outcome was achieved and has been maintained for four postoperative years now.
Insights
Corneal dermoids are rare tumors composed of various tissues. Surgical removal and corneal transplantation successfully restored vision and appearance in a young boy with a large corneal dermoid.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Pathology
Background:
- Corneal and limbal dermoids are uncommon choristomatous tumors.
- These tumors present as protruding masses on the eye's anterior surface, containing both ectodermal and mesodermal elements.
Observation:
- A case report details a two-year-old boy with a large corneal dermoid on his right eye.
- The dermoid significantly covered the cornea and was associated with iris adhesion and congenital cataract.
Findings:
- Histologically, dermoids are composed of diverse tissues like keratinized epithelium, hair, glands, fat, cartilage, and blood vessels.
- In this case, the tumor's large size and associated complications presented a surgical challenge.
Implications:
- Surgical management involving dermoid excision and penetrating keratoplasty achieved a satisfactory long-term outcome.
- This case highlights the successful treatment of a complex corneal dermoid, preserving ocular function and aesthetics.