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Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor as infection prophylaxis in high-risk oncologic surgery
N J Meropol1, N J Petrelli, B J Lipman
1Division of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA.
Background:
A method of augmenting host defenses against bacterial pathogens could result in a decrease in postoperative infections. Given its effects on leukocyte proliferation and function, it is possible that prophylactic granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) could reduce the incidence and severity of infections in high-risk surgical patients. The current study was undertaken to determine the safety and hematologic effects of perioperative GM-CSF.
Methods:
Cancer patients undergoing operations with a high risk of postoperative infection were treated perioperatively for 10 days with subcutaneous GM-CSF. Cohorts were treated with GM-CSF at 125 micrograms/m2/day (12 patients) and 250 micrograms/m2/day (11 patients).
Results:
There were no severe or life-threatening toxicities associated with GM-CSF. Mean maximum neutrophil counts during the first 5 postoperative days were 16.3 +/- 9.14 and 24.5 +/- 7.60 at 125 and 250 micrograms/m2, respectively (P = 0.04). Only one wound infection was diagnosed during this study.
Conclusions:
GM-CSF may be safely administered perioperatively at doses that augment neutrophil number and function. An ongoing randomized clinical trial will determine the impact of GM-CSF on postoperative infection.