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Liver and intestinal flukes

L X Liu1, K T Harinasuta

  • 1Beth Israel Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Gastroenterology Clinics of North America
|September 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary

Non-schistosome trematodes are common in Southeast Asia and among immigrants to North America. These parasites can cause chronic biliary diseases, including cholangiocarcinoma, and other zoonotic infections.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Parasitology
  • Public Health
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • A variety of trematodes, beyond schistosomes, infect humans and animals.
  • These infections are prevalent in Southeast Asia and among immigrants to North America.
  • While not as impactful as schistosomiasis, they pose significant health concerns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the public health relevance of non-schistosome trematodes.
  • To identify key human and zoonotic trematode species.
  • To describe the potential long-term health consequences of these infections.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of trematode infections.
  • Identification of prevalent species in endemic regions and immigrant populations.
  • Summary of clinical manifestations and disease associations.

Main Results:

  • Human biliary flukes (e.g., Clonorchis sinensis, Opisthorchis viverrini, Opisthorchis felineus) cause chronic biliary issues, including cholangiocarcinoma.
  • Zoonotic trematodes include Fasciola hepatica (sheep liver fluke) and intestinal flukes (Fasciolopsis, Echinostoma, Heterophyes, Metagonimus).
  • Infections are often asymptomatic initially but can lead to severe pathology over time.

Conclusions:

  • Non-schistosome trematodes represent a significant parasitic burden in specific geographic regions and populations.
  • Chronic infections can lead to serious biliary tract diseases and cancer.
  • Understanding the epidemiology and pathology of these flukes is crucial for public health interventions.

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