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A study of maximum bite force during growth and development

S Braun1, W P Hnat, J W Freudenthaler

  • 1University of Chicago, USA.

The Angle Orthodontist
|January 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary
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Maximum bite force increases significantly in children and adolescents aged 6 to 20 years. Gender differences in bite force are not apparent during development, emerging later in association with muscle mass.

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Human Physiology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Bite force is a key indicator of masticatory muscle strength and skeletal development.
  • Previous research suggests adult males exhibit greater bite force than females.
  • Understanding bite force development across childhood and adolescence is crucial for assessing oral health and growth.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the developmental trajectory of bilateral bite force in children and adolescents.
  • To investigate potential gender-related differences in bite force during growth and development.

Main Methods:

  • Bilateral bite force measurements were collected from 457 participants (231 males, 226 females) aged 6 to 20 years.
  • Standardized protocols were employed to ensure accurate and reliable force recordings.

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Main Results:

  • Mean maximum bite force demonstrated a consistent increase from 78 N (6-8 years) to 176 N (18-20 years).
  • No significant gender-related differences in bite force were observed during the studied developmental period.
  • The emergence of gender-related bite force disparities is hypothesized to occur post-puberty.

Conclusions:

  • Bite force significantly increases throughout childhood and adolescence, reflecting maturation of the masticatory system.
  • Gender-related differences in bite force are not evident in pre-pubertal and early pubertal individuals.
  • Post-pubertal muscle mass development likely accounts for the later observed gender disparities in bite force.