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Risk behaviors, self-efficacy, and AIDS prevention among adolescents

D S Goh1, C Primavera, G Bartalini

  • 1Graduate Program in School Psychology, City University of New York-Queens College, Flushing 11367, USA.

The Journal of Psychology
|September 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary

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High school students reported alcohol use more than other risk behaviors. Self-efficacy influenced AIDS-preventive intentions and behaviors, with gender and grade differences noted.

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Adolescent Health
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Adolescent risk behaviors pose significant public health challenges.
  • Understanding AIDS-preventive variables is crucial for targeted interventions.
  • Previous research indicates varied risk behaviors among high school populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate risk behaviors and AIDS-preventive variables in high school adolescents.
  • To examine the relationship between self-efficacy and AIDS-preventive knowledge and intentions.
  • To identify gender and grade-level differences in risk behaviors and prevention variables.

Main Methods:

  • A survey was administered to 152 high school students (Grades 10-12).
  • The survey included an AIDS-related behavior questionnaire and the Attitudes Toward AIDS Scale-High School Version (ATAS-HS).
Keywords:
AdolescentsAge FactorsAlcohol DrinkingAmericasAttitudeBarrier MethodsBehaviorCondomContraceptionContraceptive MethodsDemographic FactorsDeveloped CountriesDiseasesDrug UsageFamily PlanningGender IssuesHiv Infections--prevention and controlKnowledgeNew YorkNorth AmericaNorthern AmericaPopulationPopulation CharacteristicsPsychological FactorsResearch ReportRisk BehaviorRisk Reduction BehaviorSex BehaviorUnited StatesUrban PopulationViral DiseasesYouth

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  • Statistical analyses were performed to identify correlations and group differences.

    • Main Results:

    • Alcohol use was the most prevalent risk behavior.
    • Rates of sexual intercourse and intravenous drug use were lower than in previous studies.
    • Self-efficacy demonstrated significant relationships with AIDS-preventive intentions, perceived, and measured knowledge.
    • A co-occurrence pattern was observed between specific behavioral intentions and actual AIDS-preventive behaviors (e.g., condom use).
    • Significant gender and grade differences were found in risk behaviors and prevention variables.

    Conclusions:

    • Self-efficacy is a key factor in promoting AIDS-preventive behaviors among adolescents.
    • Interventions should consider specific behavioral intentions and their link to actual practices.
    • Tailored strategies addressing gender and grade-specific differences are necessary for effective AIDS prevention in schools.