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California encephalitis in Alabama

M Y Mancao1, I M Law, K Roberson-Trammell

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, USA.

Southern Medical Journal
|October 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary

California encephalitis, a mosquito-borne illness, can cause severe neurological symptoms in children. This case highlights its presence in rural Alabama, emphasizing the need for prompt diagnosis in febrile children with altered mental status.

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Area of Science:

  • Arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) research
  • Pediatric neurology
  • Infectious diseases

Background:

  • Arbovirus infections commonly affect the central nervous system but can also present as febrile illness or hemorrhagic fever.
  • Bunyavirus genus includes North American viruses like LaCrosse, Jamestown Canyon, trivittatus, and snowshoe hare viruses.
  • California encephalitis, typically caused by the LaCrosse virus subtype, is prevalent in the US Midwest, particularly in rural areas, and primarily affects children.

Observation:

  • A 7-year-old boy in rural Alabama presented with fever and seizures during the summer of 1994.
  • This represents the first documented case of California encephalitis in this region.

Findings:

  • The patient's symptoms of fever and seizures are consistent with California encephalitis.

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  • The geographical expansion of this arbovirus is suggested by its occurrence in rural Alabama.

    • Implications:

    • Clinicians should consider California encephalitis in the differential diagnosis for children with fever and altered sensorium, especially after potential mosquito exposure during summer.
    • This case underscores the importance of arbovirus surveillance and awareness in non-endemic regions.