Thermoregulation in homeotherms: central temperature results from optimization of energy transfers

In contrast to the classical homeostatic concept of the constancy of the central temperature, this study proposes an original model of thermoregulation based on the optimization of energy transfers. Exchange of the energy consumed or produced by the cell between the cell and the external medium has an associated energy cost. The different variables of the internal medium-flows, pressures, concentrations and also temperatures, since heat is but a particular form of energy--are continuously set at optimal values such that this cost is always minimal for the prevailing constraints with which the organism is faced. The proposed thermoregulatory model accounts for the physiological spatial and temporal variability of the body's temperatures. The predictive curves suggest a new approach to experimental studies concerned with thermal regulation and throw new light on their results.