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Construction of a personal development competitive attitude scale

R M Ryckman¹, M Hammer, L M Kaczor

¹Department of Psychology, University of Maine, Orona 04469-5742, USA.

Journal of Personality Assessment

|April 1, 1996

Summary

This study developed a reliable and valid measure for psychologically healthy competition. The new scale distinguishes personal development competitiveness from hypercompetitiveness, aiding future research.

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Area of Science:

Psychology
Social Psychology
Personality Psychology

Background:

Research on psychologically healthy competition is limited by the absence of a psychometrically sound measurement tool.
Existing measures may not adequately differentiate between healthy competitive attitudes and potentially detrimental ones.

Purpose of the Study:

To construct and validate an individual difference measure of general personal development competitive attitude.
To provide a psychometrically sound instrument for assessing psychologically healthy competition.

Main Methods:

Four studies were conducted to develop and validate a 15-item scale.
Item-total correlational analysis was used for scale derivation (Studies 1-2).
Construct validity was established through discriminant and convergent validity assessments (Studies 3-4).

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Main Results:

The 15-item scale demonstrated satisfactory internal consistency and test-retest reliability.
The scale showed discriminant validity by not correlating with hypercompetitiveness.
Construct validity was supported by negative associations with neurosis and positive associations with self-esteem and psychological health.

Conclusions:

The developed scale is a psychometrically sound measure of personal development competitiveness.
This instrument can differentiate healthy competitiveness from hypercompetitiveness, which is associated with aggression and dominance.
The findings facilitate further research into the nuances of psychologically healthy competition.