Update on pharmacologic therapies for osteoporosis

Osteoporosis is an increasingly prevalent chronic and debilitating disease. It is a metabolic disorder characterized by decreased bone mass that subsequently leads to bone fractures. Osteoporotic fractures occur most commonly in the hip, spine, distal radius, and ribs. Historically, pharmacologic options for the treatment of osteoporosis have been limited to hormone replacement therapy, vitamins, and mineral supplements. These previous treatments have been effective for many patients with osteoporosis. However, for many other patients, treatment with hormone replacement therapy, calcium, and vitamin D has been contraindicated or ineffective. Recently, several newly developed medications have become available for the treatment of osteoporosis in the United States. These new therapies have expanded the choices of pharmacologic options for primary health care providers and their patients. Pharmacologic therapy coupled with individualized diet, exercise, and fracture prevention counseling can help to decrease the severity and consequences of osteoporosis for growing numbers of Americans.