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Related Experiment Videos

Breathing during exercise in dogs--passive or active?

D M Ainsworth1, C A Smith, K S Henderson

  • 1Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, USA.

Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)
|August 1, 1996
PubMed
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Diaphragmatic activation drives breathing in dogs during rest and exercise. Phasic neural signals to the diaphragm and other respiratory muscles are essential for airflow, regardless of breathing patterns or activity levels.

Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Respiratory Mechanics
  • Animal Models

Background:

  • Understanding respiratory muscle activation is crucial for elucidating breathing mechanics.
  • High-frequency breathing patterns have been observed in canines, but their neural control remains incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the activation patterns of the diaphragm and transversus abdominis muscles.
  • To determine the relationship between muscle activity, esophageal pressure (Pes) changes, and footplant during various breathing frequencies in dogs at rest and during exercise.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized chronically instrumented dogs with measurements of diaphragmatic length (sonomicrometry), airflow, diaphragmatic electrical activity, and Pes.
  • Analyzed high-frequency and mixed-frequency breathing patterns during rest and treadmill exercise.

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Main Results:

  • Decreases in Pes consistently correlated with diaphragmatic electromyographic activity and muscle shortening across all breathing patterns and exercise conditions.
  • Transversus abdominis activity showed expiratory and locomotory modulation during exercise, coinciding with increasing Pes.
  • Phasic neural activation of respiratory muscles is the primary driver of airflow, with footplant playing a minor role in specific breathing patterns.

Conclusions:

  • Phasic neural activation of the diaphragm and other respiratory muscles is fundamental for generating airflow during respiration in dogs.
  • The findings highlight the critical role of diaphragmatic function in both resting and exercising respiratory control.