Scedosporium apiospermum pneumonia after autologous bone marrow transplantation

Although opportunistic infections after bone marrow transplantation (BMT) are very common, only five cases of Pseudallescheria boydii infection have been reported in the literature, two of which were autopsy findings. A case of Scedosporium apiospermum infection after BMT, treated initially with amphotericin B (total dose of 2.5 g) and then with itraconazole (for 25 days), is reported here. When the patient failed to improve, Scedosporium apiospermum pneumonia was diagnosed and therapy was changed. The patient was treated successfully with miconazole (600 mg/8h for 32 days) and ketoconazole (200 mg/8h for 7 days) plus surgery.