Magnetization transfer of pure DNA and purified sperm nuclei

Magnetization transfer (MT) imaging provides a novel opportunity to characterize interactions between tissue water and macromolecules. Although several in vitro investigations have shown that proteins and lipids are important determinants of MT, the contribution of DNA is still unknown. This study was designed to determine whether DNA and cell nuclear material exhibit MT. We measured the magnetization transfer effect of pure DNA strands and purified bovine sperm head nuclei. Although no transfer of magnetization could be detected in samples of pure DNA strands, the sperm head nuclei exhibited a strong MT effect that increased with increasing solid content of the samples. Since the purified bovine sperm head samples consist of large nuclei with only minor traces of perinuclear matrix, the measured MT effect arises from the chromatin of the nuclei. The DNA fills 90% of the nuclear volume and it is extremely tightly packed as chromatin fibers by nucleoproteins. We hypothesize that the numerous intra- and intermolecular disulfide bonds that stabilize the chromatin fibers restrict the movement of the surface water binding sites of both DNA and protamines and thus facilitate the transfer of magnetization. Therefore, the results indicate that the amount of nuclear material may positively contribute to MT in tissues.