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Syncope: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and pharmacotherapy

J C Lazarus1, V F Mauro

  • 1College of Pharmacy, University of Toledo, OH 43606, USA.

The Annals of Pharmacotherapy
|September 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary

Syncope is a common condition with various causes. Understanding its pathophysiology and diagnosis, especially neurocardiogenic syncope, is key to effective treatment and preventing future episodes.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Syncope is a prevalent clinical disorder with diverse underlying etiologies.
  • Accurate diagnosis is often challenging, necessitating a thorough patient history and physical examination.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of syncope, focusing on its pathophysiology, diagnostic approaches, and pharmacotherapeutic strategies.
  • To emphasize the specific challenges and treatments associated with neurocardiogenic syncope.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature review was conducted using MEDLINE database searches from 1980 to 1995.
  • Cross-referencing of selected articles was performed to ensure comprehensive coverage of the topic.

Main Results:

  • Diagnostic tools such as head-upright tilt testing and electrophysiologic studies have improved etiological identification in syncope patients.
  • Pharmacological interventions including beta-blockers, fludrocortisone, disopyramide, and SSRIs show promise for managing neurocardiogenic syncope.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of syncope relies on accurate diagnosis, with advanced testing aiding in identifying previously elusive causes.
  • Targeted pharmacotherapy offers potential solutions for recurrent syncope, particularly neurocardiogenic syncope.

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