Lipid peroxidation-induced putative malondialdehyde-DNA adducts in human breast tissues

The etiology of the majority of human breast cancers is unknown; however, oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation have been suggested to play a role in breast carcinogenesis. To address this possibility, DNA adducts induced by malondialdehyde (MDA), an end product of lipid peroxidation, were analyzed in surgical specimens of normal breast tissues of 51 breast cancer patients using the nuclease P1-enhanced version of the 32P-postlabeling assay. Normal breast tissue samples from 28 noncancer patients receiving reduction mammoplasty served as controls. Two previously characterized putative MDA-deoxyadenosine (dA) and one MDA-deoxyguanosine adduct were detected in all tissue samples examined. Normal breast tissues from cancer patients exhibited significantly higher levels of the putative MDA adducts [median (42.5) and range (2.2-202.8) of relative adduct labeling x 10(9) values] than those found in noncancer controls (median, 15.67; range, 2.4-382.1; P = 0.0001, Mann-Whitney U test). Ten of the 51 cancer patients and 1 of the 28 controls were found to contain the putative MDA adducts at the level of > 1/10(7) nucleotides, a frequency comparable to that found in human liver. Age and body mass did not significantly influence the levels of these adducts. However, the presence of a previously detected benzo(a)pyrene-like DNA adduct in the breast tissues was associated with higher levels of the putative MDA-dA adducts in cancer patients (P = 0.012). The level of the putative MDA-dA adducts was significantly lower in smokers and former smokers compared to nonsmokers among cases after adjusting for age, body mass index, and status of the benzo(a)pyrene-like adduct (P = 0.009). Tumor tissues (n = 11) displayed significantly lower levels of the putative MDA adducts (median, 10.2; range, 5.3-20.6) than their corresponding normal adjacent tissues (median, 25.5; range, 10.5-138; P < 0.01). These findings provide evidence that lipid peroxidation products can accumulate in human breast tissues and reach relatively high levels in the breast tissues of women with breast cancer. There seems to be an interaction between these endogenous DNA modifications and carcinogen exposure-induced DNA adducts. Detection and quantitation of the putative MDA-DNA adducts may potentially be a useful tool in the understanding of breast cancer etiology.