Solution structure of a cyclic RGD peptide that inhibits platelet aggregation

Peptides containing the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) sequence can inhibit platelet aggregation. Incorporation of this sequence into a cyclic peptide results in specific binding to a particular integrin. Studies of cyclic RGD peptides show that residues surrounding the RGD sequence have important effects on the selectivity of the peptide to bind with glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (GPIIb/IIIa). In this paper, we elucidate the conformation of cyclo(2,10)Ac-Gly1-Pen2-Gly3-His4-Arg5-Gly6-Asp7 -Leu8-Arg9-Cys10-Ala11-NH2 (1) by NMR and molecular dynamics simulations. This peptide inhibits platelet aggregation in a manner similar to that reported for cyclo(2,10)Gly1-Pen2-Gly3-His4-Arg5-Gly6-Asp7-Le u8-Arg9-Cys10-Ala11-OH (6) (Cheng, S. et al. J. Med. Chem. 1994, 37, 1-8), which is shown to be selective for the GPIIb/IIIa receptor. The cyclic peptide 1 exhibited a major and a minor conformer in solution. In the major conformer, the His4-Arg5-Gly6-Asp7 segment encompasses a 4-->1 hydrogen bond with a distorted type II beta-turn, and the minor conformer has turn-extended-turn. A comparison between the major conformation of this peptide and those of other cyclic RGD peptides suggests the importance of a hydrophobic residue adjacent to the RGD sequence.