Genome duplication in soybean (Glycine subgenus soja)
R C Shoemaker1, K Polzin, J Labate
1Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames 50011, USA. rcsshoe@iastate.edu
Genetics
|September 1, 1996
Summary
Soybean genome analysis reveals extensive gene duplications, suggesting tetraploidization events shaped its evolution. These duplications may explain conserved gene functions for seed traits across duplicated genomic regions.
Area of Science:
- Genomics
- Plant Genetics
- Evolutionary Biology
Background:
- The Glycine subgenus soja genome exhibits complex evolutionary history.
- Understanding genome structure is crucial for crop improvement.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify and characterize duplicated segments within the Glycine subgenus soja genome.
- To investigate the evolutionary implications of these duplications.
Main Methods:
- Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) mapping.
- Analysis of nine populations of Glycine max x G. soja and G. max x G. max.
Main Results:
- Identified numerous duplicated segments across linkage groups, with some segments present in up to six copies.
- Observed homoeologous regions ranging from 1.5 to 106.4 cM (average 45.3 cM).
- Found correspondence of quantitative trait loci (QTL) for seed protein and oil across homoeologous regions.
Conclusions:
- The soybean genome is highly duplicated, likely due to tetraploidization events and large internal duplications.
- Gene families related to seed composition appear to have conserved functions across duplicated chromosomal regions during evolution.
Related Concept Videos
01:57Gene Families
Gene families consist of groups of genes proposed to have originated from a common ancestor. Typically these arise through events in which a gene or genes are mistakenly duplicated during cell division. Unlike their parent genes (which are subject to selection pressure to maintain function), these gene copies do not need to preserve their sequences and may evolve at a relatively faster rate.
Occasionally these regions can be adapted to take on new roles within the organism, becoming novel genes...
Occasionally these regions can be adapted to take on new roles within the organism, becoming novel genes...
02:37Gene Duplication and Divergence
The seminal work of Ohno in 1970 popularized the idea of gene duplication and divergence. DNA sequence comparison studies reveal that a large portion of the genes in bacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes was generated by gene duplication and divergence, indicating its critical role in evolution.
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are characterized.
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are characterized.
02:05Duplication of Chromatin Structure
The process of chromosome duplication during cell division requires genome-wide disruption and re-assembly of chromatin. The chromatin structure must be accurately inherited, reassembled, and maintained in the daughter cells to ensure lineage propagation.
The basic unit of the chromatin is the nucleosome, consisting of DNA wrapped around octameric histone proteins and short stretches of linker DNA separating individual nucleosomes. The histone proteins within the nucleosome have their...
The basic unit of the chromatin is the nucleosome, consisting of DNA wrapped around octameric histone proteins and short stretches of linker DNA separating individual nucleosomes. The histone proteins within the nucleosome have their...
02:25Centrosome Duplication
The primary microtubule organizing center (MTOC) in animal cells is the centrosome. A centrosome has two cylindrical centrioles at its core. Each centriole consists of nine sets of three microtubules held together by proteins. The centrioles are positioned at right angles to each other and surrounded by a shapeless protein cloud called the pericentriolar matrix, or pericentriolar material (PCM).
To ensure that each daughter cell receives a centrosome after cell division, centrosome duplication...
To ensure that each daughter cell receives a centrosome after cell division, centrosome duplication...
02:05Chromosome Duplication
The process of chromosome duplication during cell division requires genome-wide disruption and re-assembly of chromatin. The chromatin structure must be accurately inherited, reassembled, and maintained in the daughter cells to ensure lineage propagation.
The basic unit of the chromatin is the nucleosome, consisting of DNA wrapped around octameric histone proteins and short stretches of linker DNA separating individual nucleosomes. The histone proteins within the nucleosome have their...
The basic unit of the chromatin is the nucleosome, consisting of DNA wrapped around octameric histone proteins and short stretches of linker DNA separating individual nucleosomes. The histone proteins within the nucleosome have their...
02:25Centrosome Duplication
The primary microtubule organizing center (MTOC) in animal cells is the centrosome. A centrosome has two cylindrical centrioles at its core. Each centriole consists of nine sets of three microtubules held together by proteins. The centrioles are positioned at right angles to each other and surrounded by a shapeless protein cloud called the pericentriolar matrix, or pericentriolar material (PCM).
To ensure that each daughter cell receives a centrosome after cell division, centrosome duplication...
To ensure that each daughter cell receives a centrosome after cell division, centrosome duplication...