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Epidemiologic typing systems

J Maslow1, M E Mulligan

  • 1Veterans' Affairs Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology
|September 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary

Microbial strain typing aids clinical epidemiology by analyzing expressed traits or DNA. Key methods like PCR-based genotypic systems offer reliable bacterial, fungal, and viral identification.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Epidemiology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Microbial strain typing is crucial for understanding infectious disease outbreaks and transmission dynamics.
  • Traditional phenotypic methods analyze expressed characteristics, while genotypic methods target microbial DNA.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the utility and criteria for assessing microbial strain typing systems.
  • To highlight the role of both phenotypic and genotypic methods in clinical epidemiology.

Main Methods:

  • Discussion of phenotypic typing systems based on expressed characteristics.
  • Examination of genotypic typing systems, including Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)-based approaches targeting DNA.
  • Review of successful applications in bacteria, fungi, and viruses.

Main Results:

  • Typing systems have been successfully applied to diverse microorganisms.
  • Genotypic methods, particularly PCR-based ones, offer advanced capabilities.
  • Key assessment criteria include typeability, reproducibility, and discriminatory power.

Conclusions:

  • Microbial strain typing is an essential tool in clinical epidemiology.
  • The choice of typing system depends on specific epidemiological and microbiological needs.
  • Robust typing systems are vital for accurate pathogen identification and outbreak investigation.

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