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Malaria eradication in Portugal

L J Bruce-Chwatt

    Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
    |January 1, 1977
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Malaria eradication in Portugal was achieved by 1973 through intensified control methods and surveillance. Recent imported cases highlight the ongoing need for vigilance against malaria transmission.

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    Area of Science:

    • Medical Entomology
    • Epidemiology
    • Public Health

    Background:

    • Malaria was historically endemic in Portugal, prompting intensified research and control efforts from the 1940s.
    • Effective malaria control strategies, including residual DDT spraying and case detection/treatment, were implemented in the 1950s.
    • Portugal achieved malaria transmission interruption by 1958 and was certified malaria-free by the WHO in 1973.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To assess the effectiveness of surveillance measures in preventing malaria resurgence.
    • To evaluate the risk of local malaria transmission following an increase in imported cases.
    • To understand the role of local vectors in transmitting exotic malaria strains.

    Main Methods:

    • Implementation of residual DDT spraying and widespread malaria case detection and treatment.

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  • Establishment of a maintenance phase for malaria eradication with ongoing surveillance.
  • Monitoring of imported malaria cases and assessment of local transmission potential.

    • Main Results:

    • Malaria transmission was interrupted in most of European Portugal by 1958.
    • Despite increased imported cases from tropical Africa, local transmission has been prevented.
    • The local vector Anopheles atroparvus showed limited capacity to transmit exotic Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax strains.

    Conclusions:

    • Portugal's robust surveillance system has successfully prevented the resumption of local malaria transmission.
    • Vigilance must be maintained and intensified due to the continued risk of imported malaria cases.
    • Vector competence of Anopheles atroparvus against exotic malaria strains plays a role in preventing local outbreaks.