Transformation and mineralization of halophenols by Penicillium simplicissimum SK9117

The metabolism of monohalophenols by Penicillium simplicissimum SK9117, isolated from a sewage plant was investigated. In submerged cultures, 3-, 4-chlorophenol, and 4-bromophenol were metabolized in the presence of phenol. 3-Chlorophenol was transformed to chlorohydroquinone, 4-chlorocatechol, 4-chloro-1,2,3-trihydroxybenzene, and 5-chloro-1,2,3-trihydroxybenzene. With 4-chlorophenol only 4-chlorocatechol was observed as transient product. A release of chloride ions was not observed. Whereas monobromo-, and monochlorophenols could not support growth as sole carbon and energy source, growth and release of fluoride ions were observed with monofluorophenols as substrates. In presence of phenol, the degradation of all monofluorophenols was enhanced. Substrate and cosubstrate disappeared simultaneously. 3-Fluorophenol and 4-fluorophenol were completely mineralized as shown by the equimolar release of fluoride ions.