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Evaluation of body composition. Current issues

V H Heyward1

  • 1Center for Exercise and Applied Human Physiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, USA. vheyward@unm.edu

Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)
|September 1, 1996
PubMed
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Accurate body composition assessment requires considering client demographics, especially ethnicity. Current prediction equations often underestimate body fatness in diverse populations, necessitating the development of ethnicity-specific models for improved accuracy.

Area of Science:

  • Exercise Science
  • Human Physiology
  • Anthropometry

Background:

  • Body composition assessment is crucial for health and exercise practitioners.
  • Existing field methods and prediction equations have limitations, particularly for diverse ethnic groups.
  • Demographic factors like age, gender, adiposity, physical activity, and ethnicity influence method and equation selection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the limitations of current body composition prediction equations for non-White populations.
  • To emphasize the need for ethnicity-specific prediction equations in body composition assessment.
  • To advocate for the use of multicomponent models for accurate body composition analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on body composition methods and prediction equations.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of limitations of 2-component models and 'gold standard' methods (hydrodensitometry, hydrometry, DXA).
  • Discussion of multicomponent models and their advantages in accounting for interindividual variability.

    • Main Results:

    • 2-component model equations systematically underestimate body fatness in American Indian women, Black men and women, and Hispanic women.
    • Existing equations are predominantly developed and validated on White populations.
    • Race-specific equations for Skinfold (SKF), Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA), and Near-Infrared Interactance (NIR) have been developed for some ethnic groups but require further validation.

    Conclusions:

    • Multicomponent models are essential for quantifying Fat-Free Body (FFB) composition differences due to ethnicity.
    • Accurate SKF, BIA, and NIR prediction equations require development and validation based on multicomponent models and specific ethnic groups.
    • Practitioners must select prediction equations validated for specific ethnic groups, and further research is needed for underrepresented populations.