Healing of osseous submucous cleft palates with guided bone regeneration

The aim of this study was to develop an experimental model in rats of an osseous submucous cleft palate and to examine if bone regeneration can be achieved in such defects by the placement of membranes according to the principle of guided tissue regeneration (GTR). An osseous submucous cleft palate defect (5 mm x 2 mm) was created surgically in Wistar rats. Membranes of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene were placed so that they covered both the nasal and the palatal aspect of the defect before the palatal mucoperiosteal flap was repositioned and sutured. Histological analysis after seven weeks of healing showed that significantly more test animals (5/9) healed with newly formed bone and a suture-like tissue in the middle of the defects than controls treated without membranes (0/17). In specimens evaluated macroscopically after 12 weeks, the corresponding rates for the test group were 12/12 compared with 0/13. These observations indicate that an experimental model of an osseous submucous cleft palate can be established in rats, and that complete osseous healing and creation of a midpalatal suture-like tissue in the bony defect is favoured by the placement of membranes according to the principle of GTR.