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Asymmetry--where evolutionary and developmental genetics meet

P Batterham1, A G Davies, A Y Game

  • 1Department of Genetics, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. philip-batterham.genetics@muwayf.unimelb.edu.au

Bioessays : News and Reviews in Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology
|October 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary

Developmental homeostasis mechanisms remain unclear. A study on the Australian sheep blowfly found that insecticide resistance (Rop-1 gene) increases asymmetry, which is then suppressed by a Notch homologue.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental biology
  • Evolutionary biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Mechanisms for precise developmental control (fine-tuning) are poorly understood.
  • Developmental homeostasis, the ability to reproduce phenotypes with high fidelity, is difficult to study due to challenges in identifying relevant mutant phenotypes.
  • Asymmetry in bilaterally symmetrical organisms has been used as a proxy to measure developmental perturbations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the link between developmental asymmetry and organophosphorous insecticide resistance in the Australian sheep blowfly, Lucilia cuprina.
  • To explore the genetic basis of developmental stability and its modulation by insecticide resistance.

Main Methods:

  • Examined the relationship between asymmetry and insecticide resistance in Lucilia cuprina populations.

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  • Investigated the genetic basis of asymmetry and its suppression.
  • Utilized genetic analysis to identify the modifier gene for asymmetry suppression.

    • Main Results:

    • The Rop-1 gene, conferring organophosphorous insecticide resistance, significantly increases developmental asymmetry.
    • Prolonged insecticide exposure selected for a dominant suppressor of the asymmetry phenotype.
    • Genetic evidence identified the Lucilia cuprina Notch homologue as the suppressor of asymmetry.

    Conclusions:

    • Insecticide resistance mechanisms can impact developmental stability, leading to increased asymmetry.
    • Evolutionary pressures, such as insecticide use, can select for genetic modifiers that restore developmental symmetry.
    • The Notch signaling pathway plays a role in modulating developmental stability in response to genetic and environmental perturbations.