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Iodine, thyroid function, and very low birth weight infants

E Parravicini¹, C Fontana, G L Paterlini

¹Division of Neonatal Pathology, Ospedale S. Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Milan, Italy.

|October 1, 1996

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Iodine exposure from antiseptic solutions and contrast media can suppress thyroid function in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants, particularly those who are small for gestational age (SGA). Avoiding iodized products in VLBW infants is recommended to prevent thyroid dysfunction.

Area of Science:

Neonatalogy
Endocrinology
Pediatric Surgery

Background:

Very low birth weight (VLBW) infants are susceptible to thyroid dysfunction.
Iodine exposure from medical products can impact neonatal thyroid function.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the effect of iodine exposure on thyroid function in VLBW infants.
To determine if small for gestational age (SGA) infants experience more pronounced thyroid suppression.

Main Methods:

Prospective study of 44 VLBW infants, including 11 SGA infants.
Measurement of urinary iodine and thyroid function (T3, T4, TSH) at multiple time points.
Grouping infants based on exposure to iodine-containing antiseptics and/or contrast media.

Main Results:

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Iodine-exposed infants showed significantly higher urinary iodine levels and altered thyroid function (hyperthyrotropinemia, hypothyroidism).
SGA infants exhibited more labile thyroid function with iodine exposure.
Thyroid hormone levels were transiently affected, with some infants experiencing hyperthyrotropinemia or hypothyroidism.

Conclusions:

Iodine-containing products lead to significant iodine uptake and thyroid function alterations in VLBW infants.
Routine use of iodized products in VLBW infants should be minimized to prevent potential thyroid dysfunction.
SGA infants may be at higher risk for iodine-induced thyroid disturbances.