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Human aging and the GH-IGF-I axis

E Ghigo1, E Arvat, L Gianotti

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turin, Italy.

Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism : JPEM
|June 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary
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Aging reduces growth hormone (GH) and IGF-I axis activity, impacting body composition and metabolism. Restoring GH with GH secretagogues may benefit older adults.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Gerontology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • The growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) axis activity declines with age.
  • Reduced GH-IGF-I axis function in the elderly mirrors that of GH-deficient individuals.
  • This hypoactivity may explain age-related changes in body composition, function, and metabolism.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the mechanisms behind age-related GH-IGF-I axis hypoactivity.
  • To discuss the potential benefits and strategies for restoring GH secretion in aging.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on age-related changes in the GH-IGF-I axis.
  • Analysis of neurohormonal control mechanisms, including neurotransmitter and neuropeptide involvement.
  • Consideration of treatment strategies for GH deficiency in the elderly.

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Main Results:

  • Age-related GH-IGF-I axis reduction is linked to lifestyle factors and neurohormonal alterations.
  • Key mechanisms include reduced GHRH neuron activity, increased somatostatin activity, and impaired cholinergic function.
  • Other neurotransmitters and neuropeptides also play a role in reduced GH secretion.

Conclusions:

  • While the pituitary GH reserve is preserved in the elderly, restoring GH secretion is debated.
  • GH secretagogues, including oral GHRP mimetics, offer a promising approach to increase GH levels in aging individuals.