Safety norms for Maxwellian view laser scanning devices based on the ANSI standards

Standards for safe use of lasers like those of the American National Standard Institute (ANSI) do not give specific guidelines regarding the safety norms for a Maxwellian view laser scanning device (for example, the scanning laser ophthalmoscope). In this note it is shown that a pulsed extended source ocular exposure system, which is described by the ANSI standards, can be used as a conservative model of such a laser scanning device. With some adjustments to this model, the Maxwellian character can be included and the maximum permissible corneal power also can be normalized independently of the field size.